How to Safely Assist People with Dysphagia in Daily Life
When a loved one is diagnosed with dysphagia, families should always follow any recommendations provided by the speech and language therapist. These recommendations are personalized for the patient, allowing for the highest level of care. For example, the patient should continue with swallow therapy even when symptoms improve. Doing so will ensure improvement continues to be seen.
Swallow recommendations may include signs and symptoms to look for. The therapist will list choking, prolonged coughing, and chest infections. They will also let caregivers know which entrees for people with dysphagia are appropriate for the person based on the texture. The patient might also need other treatment options.
The IDDSI Framework
Speech and language therapists use the IDDSI framework to ensure consistency across treatment facilities. When therapists use this terminology, patients understand precisely what they are discussing. This system rates foods from three to seven and drinks from zero to four. The therapist lets family members and caregivers know which levels are appropriate.
Texture is only part of the equation. Some people need small meals throughout the day, while others may require specific bite sizes. A dietitian might also be called in to ensure the change in diet doesn’t lead to weight loss or malnutrition. Many pre-packaged meals follow this system, making it easy for families to feed their loved ones the proper textures.
Mealtime
Families may need to invest in equipment to prepare foods that meet the patient’s needs. Furthermore, the environment may require adjustments to ensure safe meals. Distractions must be reduced or eliminated, and meals should be scheduled when the person is most alert. Doing so will reduce the risk of aspiration.
Additional Information
People with dysphagia are at higher risk of dry mouth and excessive saliva. Food or drink residue might also remain in the mouth and lead to problems. A healthy, clean mouth must be a priority. The speech and language therapist will offer advice on how often to check the mouth and how to do so. They may also recommend products that help prevent coughing, choking, and aspiration.
People with dysphagia might find it difficult to swallow tablets. Many people without this condition struggle to do so, and the added challenges that come with this diagnosis can lead to problems. The speech and language therapist, medical team, or pharmacist can offer suggestions on making the medication safe for the individual.
Tips for Eating and Drinking Safely With This Condition
Always ensure the person is fully awake, feels well, and can sit upright to eat. If they have dentures, confirm that they fit correctly and are clean. Have them wear their glasses and/or hearing aids when eating, and ask them to use the bathroom before eating.
Distractions must be minimal but talk with them as they eat. They won’t enjoy sitting in silence and may rush to eat, so people will talk to them again. If they need help with meals, sit directly in front of them at eye level so they feel comfortable.
Don’t allow the head to tip back as they are eating. Help them maintain a steady pace while dining, and always have them chew the food thoroughly and swallow more than once. They should take a short break between mouthfuls to ensure all food and drink has been swallowed.
Never mix food and drink in one mouthful. Have them take a bite of food, thoroughly chew it, and swallow it. Once they have swallowed the food, they can follow up with a sip of their drink. Avoid using straws, spouts, and sports bottles unless the therapist recommends them.
When these tips are followed, people with dysphagia can enjoy meals again. Family members and caregivers should also follow these tips to support them in their journey. When everyone works together, patients see the best outcomes.
